exercises: add Exercise 07 SD startup watcher with OLED status and hot-insert/removal handling

exercises/07_SD_Startup_Watcher/lib/startup_sd/StartupSdManager.cpp

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+#include "StartupSdManager.h"
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include "driver/gpio.h"
+
+StartupSdManager::StartupSdManager(Print& serial) : serial_(serial) {}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::begin(const SdWatcherConfig& cfg, SdStatusCallback callback) {
+  cfg_ = cfg;
+  callback_ = callback;
+
+  forceSpiDeselected();
+  dumpSdPins("very-early");
+
+  if (!initPmuForSdPower()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  cycleSdRail();
+  delay(cfg_.startupWarmupMs);
+
+  bool warmMounted = false;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+    if (mountPreferred(false)) {
+      warmMounted = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    delay(200);
+  }
+
+  if (warmMounted) {
+    setStateMounted();
+  } else {
+    setStateAbsent();
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::update() {
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t pollInterval =
+      (watchState_ == SdWatchState::MOUNTED) ? cfg_.pollIntervalMountedMs : cfg_.pollIntervalAbsentMs;
+
+  if ((uint32_t)(now - lastPollMs_) < pollInterval) {
+    return;
+  }
+  lastPollMs_ = now;
+
+  if (watchState_ == SdWatchState::MOUNTED) {
+    if (verifyMountedCard()) {
+      presentVotes_ = 0;
+      absentVotes_ = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (mountPreferred(false) && verifyMountedCard()) {
+      presentVotes_ = 0;
+      absentVotes_ = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    absentVotes_++;
+    presentVotes_ = 0;
+    if (absentVotes_ >= cfg_.votesToAbsent) {
+      setStateAbsent();
+      absentVotes_ = 0;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bool mounted = mountPreferred(false);
+  if (!mounted && (uint32_t)(now - lastFullScanMs_) >= cfg_.fullScanIntervalMs) {
+    lastFullScanMs_ = now;
+    logf("Watcher: preferred probe failed, running full scan");
+    mounted = mountCardFullScan();
+  }
+
+  if (mounted) {
+    presentVotes_++;
+    absentVotes_ = 0;
+    if (presentVotes_ >= cfg_.votesToPresent) {
+      setStateMounted();
+      presentVotes_ = 0;
+    }
+  } else {
+    absentVotes_++;
+    presentVotes_ = 0;
+    if (absentVotes_ >= cfg_.votesToAbsent) {
+      setStateAbsent();
+      absentVotes_ = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::consumeMountedEvent() {
+  bool out = mountedEventPending_;
+  mountedEventPending_ = false;
+  return out;
+}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::consumeRemovedEvent() {
+  bool out = removedEventPending_;
+  removedEventPending_ = false;
+  return out;
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::logf(const char* fmt, ...) {
+  char msg[196];
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  serial_.printf("[%10lu][%06lu] %s\r\n",
+                 (unsigned long)millis(),
+                 (unsigned long)logSeq_++,
+                 msg);
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::notify(SdEvent event, const char* message) {
+  if (callback_ != nullptr) {
+    callback_(event, message);
+  }
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::forceSpiDeselected() {
+  pinMode(tbeam_supreme::sdCs(), OUTPUT);
+  digitalWrite(tbeam_supreme::sdCs(), HIGH);
+  pinMode(tbeam_supreme::imuCs(), OUTPUT);
+  digitalWrite(tbeam_supreme::imuCs(), HIGH);
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::dumpSdPins(const char* tag) {
+  if (!cfg_.enablePinDumps) {
+    (void)tag;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const gpio_num_t cs = (gpio_num_t)tbeam_supreme::sdCs();
+  const gpio_num_t sck = (gpio_num_t)tbeam_supreme::sdSck();
+  const gpio_num_t miso = (gpio_num_t)tbeam_supreme::sdMiso();
+  const gpio_num_t mosi = (gpio_num_t)tbeam_supreme::sdMosi();
+  logf("PINS(%s): CS=%d SCK=%d MISO=%d MOSI=%d",
+       tag, gpio_get_level(cs), gpio_get_level(sck), gpio_get_level(miso), gpio_get_level(mosi));
+}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::initPmuForSdPower() {
+  if (!tbeam_supreme::initPmuForPeripherals(pmu_, &serial_)) {
+    logf("ERROR: PMU init failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::cycleSdRail(uint32_t offMs, uint32_t onSettleMs) {
+  if (!cfg_.enableSdRailCycle) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!pmu_) {
+    logf("SD rail cycle skipped: pmu=null");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  forceSpiDeselected();
+  pmu_->disablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_BLDO1);
+  delay(offMs);
+  pmu_->setPowerChannelVoltage(XPOWERS_BLDO1, 3300);
+  pmu_->enablePowerOutput(XPOWERS_BLDO1);
+  delay(onSettleMs);
+}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::tryMountWithBus(SPIClass& bus, const char* busName, uint32_t hz, bool verbose) {
+  SD.end();
+  bus.end();
+  delay(10);
+  forceSpiDeselected();
+
+  bus.begin(tbeam_supreme::sdSck(), tbeam_supreme::sdMiso(), tbeam_supreme::sdMosi(), tbeam_supreme::sdCs());
+  digitalWrite(tbeam_supreme::sdCs(), HIGH);
+  delay(2);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+    bus.transfer(0xFF);
+  }
+  delay(2);
+
+  if (verbose) {
+    logf("SD: trying bus=%s freq=%lu Hz", busName, (unsigned long)hz);
+  }
+
+  if (!SD.begin(tbeam_supreme::sdCs(), bus, hz)) {
+    if (verbose) {
+      logf("SD: mount failed");
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (SD.cardType() == CARD_NONE) {
+    SD.end();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  sdSpi_ = &bus;
+  sdBusName_ = busName;
+  sdFreq_ = hz;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::mountPreferred(bool verbose) {
+  return tryMountWithBus(sdSpiH_, "HSPI", 400000, verbose);
+}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::mountCardFullScan() {
+  const uint32_t freqs[] = {400000, 1000000, 4000000, 10000000};
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < (sizeof(freqs) / sizeof(freqs[0])); ++i) {
+    if (tryMountWithBus(sdSpiH_, "HSPI", freqs[i], true)) {
+      logf("SD: card detected and mounted");
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < (sizeof(freqs) / sizeof(freqs[0])); ++i) {
+    if (tryMountWithBus(sdSpiF_, "FSPI", freqs[i], true)) {
+      logf("SD: card detected and mounted");
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  logf("SD: begin() failed on all bus/frequency attempts");
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::verifyMountedCard() {
+  File root = SD.open("/", FILE_READ);
+  if (!root) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  root.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+const char* StartupSdManager::cardTypeToString(uint8_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case CARD_MMC:
+      return "MMC";
+    case CARD_SD:
+      return "SDSC";
+    case CARD_SDHC:
+      return "SDHC/SDXC";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::printCardInfo() {
+  uint8_t cardType = SD.cardType();
+  uint64_t cardSizeMB = SD.cardSize() / (1024ULL * 1024ULL);
+  uint64_t totalMB = SD.totalBytes() / (1024ULL * 1024ULL);
+  uint64_t usedMB = SD.usedBytes() / (1024ULL * 1024ULL);
+
+  logf("SD type: %s", cardTypeToString(cardType));
+  logf("SD size: %llu MB", cardSizeMB);
+  logf("FS total: %llu MB", totalMB);
+  logf("FS used : %llu MB", usedMB);
+  logf("SPI bus: %s @ %lu Hz", sdBusName_, (unsigned long)sdFreq_);
+}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::ensureDirRecursive(const char* path) {
+  String full(path);
+  if (!full.startsWith("/")) {
+    full = "/" + full;
+  }
+
+  int start = 1;
+  while (start > 0 && start < (int)full.length()) {
+    int slash = full.indexOf('/', start);
+    String partial = (slash < 0) ? full : full.substring(0, slash);
+    if (!SD.exists(partial.c_str()) && !SD.mkdir(partial.c_str())) {
+      logf("ERROR: mkdir failed for %s", partial.c_str());
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (slash < 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+    start = slash + 1;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool StartupSdManager::rewriteFile(const char* path, const char* payload) {
+  if (SD.exists(path) && !SD.remove(path)) {
+    logf("ERROR: failed to erase %s", path);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  File f = SD.open(path, FILE_WRITE);
+  if (!f) {
+    logf("ERROR: failed to create %s", path);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  size_t wrote = f.println(payload);
+  f.close();
+  if (wrote == 0) {
+    logf("ERROR: write failed for %s", path);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::permissionsDemo(const char* path) {
+  logf("Permissions demo: FAT has no Unix chmod/chown, use open mode only.");
+  File r = SD.open(path, FILE_READ);
+  if (!r) {
+    logf("Could not open %s as FILE_READ", path);
+    return;
+  }
+  size_t writeInReadMode = r.print("attempt write while opened read-only");
+  if (writeInReadMode == 0) {
+    logf("As expected, FILE_READ write was blocked.");
+  } else {
+    logf("NOTE: FILE_READ write returned %u (unexpected)", (unsigned)writeInReadMode);
+  }
+  r.close();
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::setStateMounted() {
+  if (watchState_ != SdWatchState::MOUNTED) {
+    logf("EVENT: card inserted/mounted");
+    mountedEventPending_ = true;
+    notify(SdEvent::CARD_MOUNTED, "SD card mounted");
+  }
+  watchState_ = SdWatchState::MOUNTED;
+}
+
+void StartupSdManager::setStateAbsent() {
+  if (watchState_ == SdWatchState::MOUNTED) {
+    logf("EVENT: card removed/unavailable");
+    removedEventPending_ = true;
+    notify(SdEvent::CARD_REMOVED, "SD card removed");
+  } else if (watchState_ != SdWatchState::ABSENT) {
+    logf("EVENT: no card detected");
+    notify(SdEvent::NO_CARD, "Missing SD card / Please insert card to proceed");
+  }
+  SD.end();
+  watchState_ = SdWatchState::ABSENT;
+}

exercises/07_SD_Startup_Watcher/lib/startup_sd/StartupSdManager.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <SD.h>
+#include <SPI.h>
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include "tbeam_supreme_adapter.h"
+
+enum class SdWatchState : uint8_t {
+  UNKNOWN = 0,
+  ABSENT,
+  MOUNTED
+};
+
+enum class SdEvent : uint8_t {
+  NO_CARD,
+  CARD_MOUNTED,
+  CARD_REMOVED
+};
+
+using SdStatusCallback = void (*)(SdEvent event, const char* message);
+
+struct SdWatcherConfig {
+  bool enableSdRailCycle = true;
+  bool enablePinDumps = true;
+  uint32_t startupWarmupMs = 1500;
+  uint32_t pollIntervalAbsentMs = 1000;
+  uint32_t pollIntervalMountedMs = 2000;
+  uint32_t fullScanIntervalMs = 10000;
+  uint8_t votesToPresent = 2;
+  uint8_t votesToAbsent = 5;
+};
+
+class StartupSdManager {
+ public:
+  explicit StartupSdManager(Print& serial = Serial);
+
+  bool begin(const SdWatcherConfig& cfg, SdStatusCallback callback = nullptr);
+  void update();
+
+  bool isMounted() const { return watchState_ == SdWatchState::MOUNTED; }
+  SdWatchState state() const { return watchState_; }
+
+  bool consumeMountedEvent();
+  bool consumeRemovedEvent();
+
+  void printCardInfo();
+  bool ensureDirRecursive(const char* path);
+  bool rewriteFile(const char* path, const char* payload);
+  void permissionsDemo(const char* path);
+
+ private:
+  void logf(const char* fmt, ...);
+  void notify(SdEvent event, const char* message);
+  void forceSpiDeselected();
+  void dumpSdPins(const char* tag);
+  bool initPmuForSdPower();
+  void cycleSdRail(uint32_t offMs = 250, uint32_t onSettleMs = 600);
+  bool tryMountWithBus(SPIClass& bus, const char* busName, uint32_t hz, bool verbose);
+  bool mountPreferred(bool verbose);
+  bool mountCardFullScan();
+  bool verifyMountedCard();
+  const char* cardTypeToString(uint8_t type);
+  void setStateMounted();
+  void setStateAbsent();
+
+  Print& serial_;
+  SdWatcherConfig cfg_{};
+  SdStatusCallback callback_ = nullptr;
+
+  SPIClass sdSpiH_{HSPI};
+  SPIClass sdSpiF_{FSPI};
+  SPIClass* sdSpi_ = nullptr;
+  const char* sdBusName_ = "none";
+  uint32_t sdFreq_ = 0;
+  XPowersLibInterface* pmu_ = nullptr;
+
+  SdWatchState watchState_ = SdWatchState::UNKNOWN;
+  uint8_t presentVotes_ = 0;
+  uint8_t absentVotes_ = 0;
+  uint32_t lastPollMs_ = 0;
+  uint32_t lastFullScanMs_ = 0;
+  uint32_t logSeq_ = 0;
+
+  bool mountedEventPending_ = false;
+  bool removedEventPending_ = false;
+};

exercises/07_SD_Startup_Watcher/lib/startup_sd/library.json

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "name": "startup_sd",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "dependencies": [
+    {
+      "name": "XPowersLib"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "Wire"
+    }
+  ]
+}