5 units working, not synchronized in time or transmissions, that is for later Exercise
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exercises/01_lora_ascii_pingpong/README.md
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exercises/01_lora_ascii_pingpong/README.md
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# Exercise: LoRa Transmission Validation (SX1262)
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## Overview
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This exercise validates raw LoRa packet transmission from the **LILYGO T-Beam SUPREME V3.0** using the onboard **SX1262** radio.
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The objective is to:
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1. Transmit deterministic LoRa packets at known parameters.
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2. Confirm successful reception using:
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* A second T-Beam
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* A Waveshare SX1303 concentrator sniffer
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* Or any SDR/LoRa receiver configured with identical PHY settings
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3. Verify correct alignment of frequency, spreading factor, bandwidth, and coding rate.
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This is a **PHY-layer validation exercise**, not LoRaWAN.
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---
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## Hardware
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### Transmitter
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* Board: **LILYGO T-Beam SUPREME V3.0**
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* MCU: ESP32-S3
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* Radio: SX1262
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* Antenna: 915 MHz tuned antenna
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* Power: USB-C or 18650 battery
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### Receiver / Sniffer
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Any device capable of raw LoRa reception with manual PHY configuration:
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* Second T-Beam (SX1262)
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* Waveshare SX1303 + `lora_pkt_fwd`
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* SDR with LoRa demodulator
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---
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## LoRa Radio Specifications
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The sniffer **must** match these parameters exactly.
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| Parameter | Value |
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| ---------------- | ------------------ |
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| Radio Chip | SX1262 |
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| Frequency | **915.000 MHz** |
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| Modulation | LoRa |
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| Bandwidth | **125 kHz** |
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| Spreading Factor | **SF8** |
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| Coding Rate | **4/5** |
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| Preamble Length | 8 symbols |
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| Sync Word | 0x12 (Public LoRa) |
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| CRC | Enabled |
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| IQ Inversion | Disabled |
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| Output Power | 14 dBm (default) |
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---
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## Important Notes for Sniffer Operators
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### 1. Frequency
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Ensure your sniffer JSON or configuration file contains:
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```
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"freq": 915000000
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```
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If using SX130x HAL:
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```
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915000000
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```
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No offset. No channel hopping.
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---
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### 2. Spreading Factor
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Must be:
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```
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SF8
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```
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If the sniffer is set to multi-SF mode, confirm that SF8 is enabled.
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---
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### 3. Bandwidth
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```
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125000 Hz
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```
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Not 250 kHz. Not 500 kHz.
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---
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### 4. Coding Rate
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```
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4/5
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```
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Some interfaces represent this as:
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```
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CR = 1
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```
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---
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### 5. Sync Word
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If your sniffer filters on sync word:
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```
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0x12
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```
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This is the public LoRa sync word (not LoRaWAN private).
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---
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## Expected Packet Behavior
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The transmitter:
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* Sends a short ASCII payload
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* Repeats at a fixed interval
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* Does not use LoRaWAN
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* Does not use encryption
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* Does not use MAC layer framing
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Sniffer output should display:
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* RSSI
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* SNR
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* SF8
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* BW125
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* Payload length matching transmitter
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---
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## Confirming Correct Alignment
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A properly aligned sniffer will show:
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* Stable RSSI
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* Correct SF detection (SF8)
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* Clean CRC pass
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* No excessive packet loss at short range
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If you see:
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* No packets → Check frequency mismatch first.
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* Packets but CRC fail → Check bandwidth mismatch.
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* Packets only intermittently → Check spreading factor.
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---
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## SX1262 SPI Mapping (T-Beam SUPREME)
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For reference, the radio is connected as follows:
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| Signal | ESP32-S3 Pin |
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| ------ | ------------ |
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| SCK | 12 |
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| MISO | 13 |
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| MOSI | 11 |
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| CS | 10 |
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| RESET | 5 |
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| BUSY | 4 |
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| DIO1 | 1 |
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These match the board’s hardware routing.
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---
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## Build & Flash
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### PlatformIO
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1. Open project folder
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2. Select correct environment
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3. Compile
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4. Upload via USB-C
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5. Monitor serial output
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### Arduino IDE
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* Board: ESP32S3 Dev Module
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* Flash: 8MB
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* PSRAM: QSPI
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* Upload speed: 921600
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* USB Mode: CDC and JTAG
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---
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## Purpose of This Exercise
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This exercise verifies:
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* SPI communication with SX1262
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* Radio configuration correctness
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* Antenna functionality
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* Sniffer alignment
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* Baseline RF performance
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It is intended as the foundational RF validation step before:
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* Reticulum interface integration
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* microReticulum radio abstraction
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* LoRa time-synchronized experiments
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* Multi-node field testing
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---
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## If You Cannot See Packets
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Work through this checklist:
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1. Confirm antenna attached.
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2. Confirm sniffer at 915 MHz.
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3. Confirm SF8.
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4. Confirm BW125.
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5. Reduce distance to < 2 meters.
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6. Increase TX power to 17–20 dBm for testing.
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7. Confirm no regional regulatory lock mismatch.
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---
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## Relationship to `main.cpp`
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This README corresponds to the current exercise implementation in:
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```
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main.cpp
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```
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See source for definitive parameter values
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If you modify radio parameters in code, update this README accordingly.
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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; $HeadURL$
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[platformio]
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default_envs = node_a
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default_envs = amy
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[env]
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platform = espressif32
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@ -26,12 +26,32 @@ build_flags =
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-D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1
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-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1
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[env:node_a]
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[env:amy]
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extends = env
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build_flags =
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${env.build_flags}
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-D NODE_LABEL=\"A\"
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-D NODE_LABEL=\"Amy\"
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[env:node_b]
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[env:bob]
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extends = env
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build_flags =
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${env.build_flags}
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-D NODE_LABEL=\"B\"
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-D NODE_LABEL=\"Bob\"
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[env:cy]
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extends = env
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build_flags =
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${env.build_flags}
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-D NODE_LABEL=\"Cy\"
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[env:dan]
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extends = env
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build_flags =
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${env.build_flags}
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-D NODE_LABEL=\"Dan\"
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[env:ed]
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extends = env
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build_flags =
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${env.build_flags}
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-D NODE_LABEL=\"Ed\"
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@ -10,6 +10,9 @@
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#ifndef NODE_LABEL
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#define NODE_LABEL "?"
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#endif
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#ifndef UNIT_NAME
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#define UNIT_NAME "UNNAMED"
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#endif
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// --- Pins injected via platformio.ini build_flags ---
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#ifndef LORA_CS
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next_tx_ms = now + 2000; // 2 seconds for this smoke test
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// String msg = String("I am ") + NODE_LABEL + " iter=" + String(iter++);
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String msg = String(" ") + NODE_LABEL + " sends greetings. iter=" + String(iter++);
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String msg = String("") + NODE_LABEL + " says hi. iter=" + String(iter++);
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Serial.printf("TX: %s\r\n", msg.c_str());
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//int tx = radio.transmit(msg);
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